Bioremediation of heavy metal contaminated medium using Lemna minor,Daphnia magna and their consortium

Single, dual and triple mixtures of totally seven different mixture combinations of the metals Al, Ba and Fe were examined in Lemna minor (L) culture, Daphnia magna (D) culture and in a consortium culture consisting of L. minor and D. magna. In this study: (a) differences in removed metal proportions at the end of 24 and 48?h, (b) differences in removed metal amounts due to cultures, (c) differences in the removed proportions of a metal in distinct mediums and (d) removal correlation of the metals due to cultures were investigated. The study results showed that among the metals Al, Ba and Fe, Al has the most toxic effect on organisms involved in this study. Although similar toxicity results of Al and Fe on test groups were observed, Ba gave different toxicity results on test groups. An overview of the bioremediation results indicates that L. minor removes the metals Al and Fe more successfully than Ba. Different mixture combinations of metals performed dissimilar removal results in the same cultures. According to the correlations analysis for the metals Ba and Fe, a high correlation was recorded between the consortium group and test groups containing only D. magna, r?=?0.88, r?=?0.91, respectively.     

取代芳烃对三种生物急性毒性的QSAR研究

根据成键原子的结构特征定义其生物活性点价为δiA,并在分子拓扑理论基础上由δiA 建构新的连接性指数nH =∑ (δiA·δAj·δAk… ) 0 .5,其中 ,0价指数0 H =∑ (δiA) 0 .5,1价指数1 H =∑ (δiA·δAj) 0 .5。以0 H、1 H及指示变量I为结构描述符 ,籍助多元线性回归技术 ,分别建立了取代芳烃 (含Cl、Br、CH3、OH、NH2 、NO2 等 )对发光菌、大型蚤、呆鲦鱼的QSAR模型 :以模型的估算结果均优于文献结果 ,而且计算简单 ,应用方便 ,为定量评估和预测同类型其它化合物的生物毒性提供了参考依据。     

Effect of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) on acetylcholinesterase activity of two strains of Daphnia magna (Crustacea,Cladocera)

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) on the acetylcholinesterase activity in two strains (same clone A) of the crustacean cladoceran Daphnia magna. Four carbaryl concentrations (0.4, 0.9, 1.8 and 3.7 µg L^?1) were compared against control AChE activity. Our results showed that after 48 h of carbaryl exposure, all treatments induced a significant decrease of AChE activities whatever the two considered strains. However, different responses were registered in terms of lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC: 0.4 µg L^?1 for strain 1 and 0.9 µg L^?1 for strains 2) revealing differences in sensitivity among the two tested strains of D. magna. These results suggest that after carbaryl exposure, the AChE activity responses can be also used as a biomarker of susceptibility. Moreover, our results show that strain1 is less sensitive than strain 2 in terms of IC50-48 h of AChE activity. Comparing the EC50-48 h of standard ecotoxicity test and IC50-48 h of AChE inhibition, there is the same order of sensitivity with both strains.     

Effects of cadmium and chlordane on cellular apoptosis in ecotoxicological test species

Cadmium and chlordane are compounds chosen for a preliminary study on the impact of environmental contaminants on apoptosis in different representative species. These two potentially toxic substances decrease in vitro apoptosis of Daphnia magna cells. This appears to be related to the chemical concentrations and the time exposure. Cadmium was also directly introduced to the cell culture medium of Syrian hamster embryos (SHE) or indirectly via daphnids, which had firstly consumed algae contaminated with cadmium. A very sharp transfer of cadmium toxicity from algae to daphnids is noted and an inhibition of the apoptosis in SHE cells can be observed.     

普萘洛尔及其光解产物对大型溞的毒性效应

以实验室培养的大型潘为受试生物,参照OECD推荐的化学品对水生生物的标准试验方法,测定了普萘洛尔(PRO)母液及其光解产物对大型溞的急性毒性和21 d慢性毒性,综合评价二者对大型溞的生长繁殖毒性效应.结果表明,PRO母液对大型溞的24 h-LC50和48 h-LC50分别为5.88 mg/L和4.91 mg/L,属高毒物质.PRO对大型溞的安全质量浓度为0.86 mg/L.21 d慢性毒性结果显示,PRO母液对母潘的产溞时间、产溞量、产溞胎数都有显著影响,且效果随PRO质量浓度增加而增加.大型溞F1 (1st)和F1 (3rd)代在恢复条件下的产溞时间无明显影响,但产溞量显著下降.通过GC/MS鉴定,PRO在光解过程中产生5种低相对分子质量有机物,包括萘、萘酚及邻苯二甲酸酐等.随光解时间延长,PRO光解溶液的毒性下降,其对大型溞的毒性效应是PRO母液及其光解产物共同作用的结果.     

大型瑵HB对五氯苯酚的富集与释放动力学研究

大型瑵ＨＢ对五氯苯酚的富集与释放动力学研究谭渝云，孙美娟（中国科学院水生生物研究所，武汉，４３００７２）关键词大型；动力学；富集：释放；五氯苯酚．五氯苯酚（ＰＣＰ）是一种应用十分广泛的杀虫剂和防腐剂，Ｄｅｔｒｉｃｋ报道了世界上ＰＣＰ每年施用量约为９×...     

苯胺与甲基苯胺二元混合物对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的联合毒性

研究了苯胺与甲基苯胺对大型溞（Daphnia magna)的单一毒性及二元混合物的联合毒性，采用相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)进行评价，结果均为协同作用，并进一步证明混合物的配比对评价结果有一定的影响。     

取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物对大型蚤的毒性及PH值对其毒性的影响

测定了２４个取代苯胺和苯酚类化合物在不同ＰＨ下对大型蚤的２４ｈ半数抑制浓度２４ｈ－ＩＣ５０。结果表明,苯胺类的毒性随ＰＨ的升高而增大,酚类的毒性随ＰＨ的升高而减小。     

苯砜基乙酸酯类化合物对大型蚤的急性毒性效应以及定量结构活性相关分析

以大型蚤（Daphnia magna）为模型生物，测定了20种苯砜基乙酸酯类化合物在静态实验系统中的急性毒性效应，应用电荷模型方法对化合物的急性毒性进行定量结构-活性相关（QSAR）研究，结果表明，电荷方法建立的模型具有较高的预测能力（自由度校正的相关系数r^2adj=0.922），在所应用的诸多参数中，MW（分子量）、Qo(化合物中氧原子所带静电荷的平方值的和的平方根）、Q^2s（硫原子所带静电荷的平方值的和）三个参数的统计意义最为显著，对预测模型的分析可知，化合物中的基团-SO2-是活性中心，另外，两个含氧基团-NO2和-CO2-对化合物的活性也有较大的贡献。     

联苯胺对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的急性和慢性毒性试验

研究了联苯胺对大型溞(Daphniamagna)的急性毒性和慢性毒性.急性毒性试验结果表明,联苯胺对大型溞的ρLC50, 24h、ρLC50, 48h值分别为 1. 73mgL-1和 0. 89mgL-1. 21d生活周期试验结果表明,大型溞的生殖是对该化合物最为敏感的慢性毒性指标.联苯胺对大型溞生殖的无可见效应浓度(NOEC/Reproduction)为 0. 004mgL-1,最低可见效应浓度(LO EC/Reproduction)为 0. 012mgL-1.并据此计算出该毒物的最大允许浓度(MATC)为 0. 008 9mgL-1. 表 3参 19